In May 2021 the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Health and Prevention announced that the UAE was to become a Member of SNOMED International, joining a global effort to develop, maintain, and enable the use of SNOMED CT in health systems around the world. United Arab Emirates In May 2021 the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Health and Prevention announced that the UAE was to become a Member of SNOMED International, joining a global effort to develop, maintain, and enable the use of SNOMED CT in health systems around the world. Contact Details United Arab Emirates Ministry of Health and Prevention 11th Floor, Dusit Thani Hotel, Al Muroor Road Abu Dhabi, UAE Website: https://mohap.gov.ae/en/home Email: info@mohap.gov.ae Appointed Representatives General Assembly: TBA Member Forum: TBA News articles The UAE is the fourth Middle East country, following Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, to join SNOMED International, further extending the SNOMED CT use, implementation experience and collaboration opportunities for the region. UAE users can register to request a free license for use of SNOMED CT by visiting the country’s National Release Center website. In addition to the many benefits the country can realize through implementing SNOMED CT, its use will also support the UAE in achieving its strategic healthcare objectives and beyond. In a Healthcare IT News article , Ali Al Ajmi, the UAE’s Director of Digital Health at the Ministry of Health and Prevention, indicated that the use of SNOMED CT will improve functionality and coordination between health facilities and contribute to enhancing the exchange of organizational data among the country’s health-related organizations in both the public and private sectors, including insurance companies, healthcare providers and governmental organizations. In the article, Al Ajmi added: “The electronically stored detailed data in this system would help increase access of hospitals, clinics and pharmacies across the UAE to electronic health records (EHRs) and electronic medical records (EMRs).” More information about SNOMED CT in the UAE can be accessed here . Back Learn more Global Patient Set Built from the globally recognized SNOMED CT terminology standard at no cost to users Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Software and tools We develop and operate applications platforms to support our products and services Learn more Document library Access overviews, guides and specifications Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

Uzbekistan became a SNOMED International Member in 2025 as part of its nationwide digital transformation of its healthcare system. Uzbekistan Uzbekistan became a SNOMED International Member in 2025 as part of its nationwide digital transformation of its healthcare system. Contact Details UZINFOCOM Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent City, Muminov Street 7/1, 100011 Website : https://uzinfocom.uz/en Appointed Representatives General Assembly : Ruslan Sultanov Member Forum : Kamila Nazrullaeva, Foziljon Mirzokhidov News articles Uzbekistan Accelerates Its Digital Health Transformation with the Adoption of SNOMED CT Uzbekistan is working toward the creation of an interoperable, standards-based digital health ecosystem that enables secure data exchange, continuity of care, and evidence-based decision-making across the health sector. Joining SNOMED International represents an important milestone in strengthening the semantic foundation of its Digital Health Platform: the adoption of SNOMED CT will support the standardized, structured, and computable representation of clinical information — including diagnoses, clinical findings, procedures, and other health concepts — across interconnected systems. Learn more about Uzbekistan: https://uzinfocom.uz/en Back Learn more Global Patient Set Built from the globally recognized SNOMED CT terminology standard at no cost to users Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Software and tools We develop and operate applications platforms to support our products and services Learn more Document library Access overviews, guides and specifications Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

SNOMED responds to community call for improved diabetes insipidus terminology in SNOMED CT Back 12 Feb 2024 Back SNOMED International, responding to an external request from an international group of representatives of national and international endocrinology, nephrology and pediatric societies, is improving concepts referring to diabetes insipidus in SNOMED CT. Existing diabetes insipidus concepts will be renamed or replaced with new concepts representing current terminology for this disorder. In October 2022, the Working Group for Renaming Diabetes Insipidus published a paper outlining the rationale for the retirement of the term “diabetes insipidus” and the replacement with terms that more appropriately represent the pathophysiology of this set of conditions. Since then, a number of professional societies, as well as UpToDate , a primary source of truth for SNOMED CT, have endorsed the proposed changes, which have also been adopted by a number of primary references. A November 2022 Springer article , titled ‘ What’s in a name? That which we call diabetes does not taste sweet!’ says most health care professionals are familiar with the term “diabetes,” a shortening of the name for the common disorder “diabetes mellitus,” but the term “diabetes insipidus” is rare and many practitioners are unfamiliar with the diagnosis and its pathophysiology and management, leading to potentially serious consequences for patients. Concepts previously referring to diabetes insipidus in the SNOMED CT International Edition are affected by the changes. For each of the affected terms, either a name change or a replacement term was created to reflect the current terminology as determined by the expert group. The primary focus was to reflect the newer terminology of “arginine-vasopressin deficiency” or “arginine-vasopressin resistance,” which have been verified by subject matter experts to ensure clinical veracity to either central or nephrogenic etiologies. “We’re excited to provide the updated content related to this condition, and, hopefully, building greater awareness through correct terminology so providers have the information they need to accurately diagnose and treat patients,” says SNOMED International Chief Terminologist Dr James Case. “This process is a perfect example of how our community and SNOMED International work together to continually develop and improve SNOMED CT.” “This new nomenclature is an important step for patient safety, as many healthcare practitioners have confused diabetes insipidus with the much more common diabetes mellitus, which led to unnecessary blood sugar measurements but also much worse consequences including death,” explains Mirjam Christ-Crain, MD PhD, Professor of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. As a member of the working group to rename diabetes insipidus, I am extremely grateful to SNOMED International for this pragmatic implementation of the new names. We are already now experiencing that the new name is widely accepted, among physicians and patients alike,” she adds. The content changes have been completed and are scheduled for the February 2024 International release of SNOMED CT. Contact info@snomed.org for a list of the affected concepts. Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

2025 Annual Report Captures Key Activities and Achievements Back 11 May 2026 Back LONDON, UK – May 11, 2026 – SNOMED International has released its 2025 Annual Report, which provides a detailed account of the organization’s activities and achievements, and a view of the organization’s financial health and stewardship over 2025. More than just the fulfilment of regulatory commitments, the annual report also provides insights into both the year’s activities and the outcomes: what was achieved, the benefits accrued, and why the work matters to SNOMED International Members and global stakeholders. Linking with the key pillars of the 2025-2030 Strategy, as well as to the organization’s mission and vision, the report captures the progress made over the year on its planned deliverables, and the initiatives, such as collaborative authoring or the Member content roadmap, that have created more value for Members. It maps out the many ways the organization has engaged with its global ecosystem of SNOMED CT users, including Members, implementers, decision-makers and other stakeholders – participating in conferences and other events, and creating opportunities to keep our community connected. As always, this year’s report welcomes the addition of contributions from various Member countries who provide snapshots of their efforts and achievements in SNOMED CT adoption, implementation and use. It also features the new products, tools and services introduced in 2025, demonstrating, at the same time, the pathway for future developments, particularly those related to the adoption and incorporation of AI across SNOMED International. Crucial to the progress is the focus on all our collaboration partners, both formal and informal, that have driven so many developments over the years, and whose engagement and commitment help evolve SNOMED CT from a maintained terminology into a living, implemented, and continuously improving ecosystem. “As we reflect on the past year, we celebrate the achievements of our stakeholders and organization, while remaining focused on the future,” says SNOMED International CEO Don Sweete. “I thank our Members and I am proud of the work we, along with our worldwide community, are doing to enhance the current foundation to support future developments, and I look forward to continuing to strengthen our impact, expand our reach, and deliver on our mission in an evolving global healthcare landscape.” Click here to read the 2025 Annual Report. Visit the Results section of the Strategy, Objectives and Results page on SNOMED International’s website to find previous editions. Media Inquiries SNOMED International Kelly Kuru Email: comms@snomed.org Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

The utilization of SNOMED CT in nursing care plans in Norway has shown significant promise in standardizing clinical terminology and improving the quality of patient care. However, the implementation has revealed a notable gap in the availability of suitable concepts for mental health care. Through an engagement with the Norwegian Nurses Organisation and the Nord University, patiens and clients are encouraged to support the development of suitable terminology. This presentation will give an introduction to this approach and possibly som preliminary findings. Back View Map Norwegian Directorate of Health (3 of 3) Developing patient centered treatment plan concepts in mental health care Read More Country / Region EMEA Tags Clinical Practice, Implementation, Patient safety The utilization of SNOMED CT in nursing care plans in Norway has shown significant promise in standardizing clinical terminology and improving the quality of patient care. However, the implementation has revealed a notable gap in the availability of suitable concepts for mental health care. Through an engagement with the Norwegian Nurses Organisation and the Nord University, patiens and clients are encouraged to support the development of suitable terminology. This presentation will give an introduction to this approach and possibly som preliminary findings. Description Development of patient centered terminology for future implementation. Scope We have chosen SNOMED CT because its concepts will be integrated into the existing reference set for nursing terminology. How SNOMED CT will be used SNOMED CT will be used as base terminology and included in the national extension. Why SNOMED CT will be used Contact More information Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Learn more Explore the wide range of resources available to our community of practice Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

Semantic interoperability of laboratory data is essential for enabling secondary use in research networks like the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII). While the MII's Lab Module provides standardized HL7 FHIR-based structures for laboratory parameters using LOINC codes, harmonizing these data across institutions for analytics remains a significant challenge. This project investigates the use of precoordinated LOINC-SNOMED expressions as a scalable, computable alternative to manual aggregation mappings, aiming to support a wide range of research questions with varying data granularity needs and to lay the groundwork for future integration of increasingly precise laboratory coding, such as the growing number of LOINC codes for established domains like immunohistochemistry in oncology. Back View Map Charité Berlin / Berlin Institute Of Health (1 of 2) Beyond Manual Mappings: LOINC-SNOMED Ontology as a Computable Solution for Laboratory Data Harmonization in the MII Read More Country / Region EMEA Tags Data analytics, Mapping, Research Semantic interoperability of laboratory data is essential for enabling secondary use in research networks like the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII). While the MII's Lab Module provides standardized HL7 FHIR-based structures for laboratory parameters using LOINC codes, harmonizing these data across institutions for analytics remains a significant challenge. This project investigates the use of precoordinated LOINC-SNOMED expressions as a scalable, computable alternative to manual aggregation mappings, aiming to support a wide range of research questions with varying data granularity needs and to lay the groundwork for future integration of increasingly precise laboratory coding, such as the growing number of LOINC codes for established domains like immunohistochemistry in oncology. Description The scope of this project centers on evaluating approaches for aggregating laboratory data across multiple university hospitals participating in the MII. Specifically, we compared the traditional, manually curated LOINC-to-parent mappings from the INTERPOLAR project with the automated, ontology-driven relationships provided by the LOINC-SNOMED Ontology. The challenge is the harmonization of different laboratory parameters across a multitude of university hospitals. As an example: In addition to "1751-7 Albumin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma", there exist at least 10 different LOINCs describing similar concepts without being identical or interchangeable at the analytical level. Our analysis focused on the 300 most frequently used laboratory parameters, assessing how each approach supports dynamic value set generation for analytics platforms. This enables researchers to quickly determine the number of patients or analyte-related measurements available for study, without resorting to overly broad aggregation that could compromise clinical relevance. The project also explores how these methods can be extended to support the integration of new, more precise LOINC codes, which facilitate structured data collection and sharing in established laboratory domains. Scope SNOMED CT was selected for its robust ontology, hierarchical relationships, and capacity for formal logical definitions. These features make it uniquely suited for supporting computable aggregation and semantic interoperability across diverse and evolving laboratory data sets. The ability to dynamically generate and expand value sets, particularly as new and more precise laboratory parameters and codes become available, positions SNOMED CT as a future-proof solution for large-scale data harmonization and analytics. The LOINC-SNOMED-Ontology is an important publically available ressource usable to aggregate different LOINCs under similar concepts. This integration with LOINC further enhances its utility for laboratory data, supporting both broad and granular research needs. How SNOMED CT will be used SNOMED CT is utilized in this project through precoordinated expressions that integrate LOINC terms as formal, computable SNOMED CT concepts in the LOINC SNOMED Ontology. This integration allows for the logical representation of laboratory parameters within SNOMED CT's hierarchical structure, enabling automated reasoning and dynamic generation of value sets. The LOINC-SNOMED Browser and downloadable distribution files are employed as a key tool for validating and visualizing both manual and ontology-based mappings, facilitating real-time exploration and identification of gaps or inconsistencies. Why SNOMED CT will be used Contact More information Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Learn more Explore the wide range of resources available to our community of practice Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

New process launches for proposing changes to the International Patient Summary Back 29 Sept 2025 Back A new process is now available for clinicians, standards experts, and implementers to propose changes to the International Patient Summary “suite” of standards. The International Patient Summary (IPS) is a standardized set of basic clinical data, supported by a “suite” of standards artefacts, that includes the most important health and care related facts required to ensure safe and efficient exchange of a patient’s health data across geographic borders, organizations, and health systems, independent of the country, clinical specialty, or medical condition. The publication of IPS artefacts began in 2018, with regular subsequent updates. At the 2021 UK G7 Summit, health leaders embraced the IPS, underscoring the vital importance of digital health interoperability in delivering safer, more effective care for patients around the world. In the years since, this vision has been entrusted to the Global Digital Health Partnership (GDHP), a collaboration of governments and organizations working to align digital health efforts globally. This collaboration has boosted the uptake of the IPS across the globe. The IPS has been adopted by a growing number of countries and organizations, including countries in the Middle East and South East Asia, (most notably the annual Hajj pilgrimage); Latin America and the Caribbean; Brazil; New Zealand; the European Union, and Canada. With heightened uptake of the IPS globally, it's critical for implementers to have a mechanism to propose changes to the IPS to ensure the standards remain relevant, accurate and globally applicable. A committee of the Joint Initiative Council for Global Health Informatics Standardization (JIC), the IPS Coordination Committee (IPSCC), provides a dedicated open forum for collaborating standards development organizations. Through the IPSCC they coordinate their advancement of the IPS suite of standards. IPSCC membership includes, but is not limited to, representation from: CEN/TC 251, HL7 International, IHE International, ISO/TC 215 and SNOMED International. All stakeholders are encouraged to propose changes based on their real world experience with the IPS. Such proposed changes can include, improvements and corrections to existing IPS standards, enhancements to the scope of standards, or the addition of new standards to support the implementation and use of the IPS. Current JIC Chair, Dan Vreeman (HL7), notes that as the IPS continues to gain traction globally and as it becomes more broadly deployed, it is easier to identify aspects of the IPS that require improvements, tweaks and enhancements. “We thank the pioneers who were among the first to adopt and deploy the IPS as they are well-positioned to provide feedback and suggest ways as we continue to evolve the process.” IPSCC Chair, Robert Stegwee (CEN), offers, “The IPS Coordination Committee is committed to provide transparent guidance and alignment for the ongoing development of the IPS. Real-world experience is invaluable in helping maintain the standards’ relevance, accuracy and usability, and it is through this new “Change Proposal” process that we strengthen our ties to users around the world.” Visit the International Patient Summary website to propose a change and contribute to the ongoing development of the IPS. ABOUT THE JIC The Joint Initiative Council on Global Health Informatics Standardization (JIC) is a collaboration of SDOs that seeks to enable common, timely digital health standards by addressing and resolving issues, gaps, overlaps, and redundant standardisation efforts. ABOUT THE IPSCC The IPS Coordination Committee brings together global standards development organizations to guide and align the standards artefacts that constitute the International Patient Summary (IPS). By coordinating across standards bodies, the IPSCC ensures the IPS remains a trusted, consistent, and globally applicable standard for the safe exchange of essential health information. Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

In the Netherlands, SNOMED CT concepts are provided with patient-friendly terms and clarifications by the National Release Center and a medical translation agency through an extensive, mostly manual translation project. However, large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative for manual translation by enabling the automatic clarification of SNOMED CT terms. In this presentation we present these alternative translation approaches and share the results of a comparative analysis between manually and automatically generated clarifications. Additionally, we will explore methods to employ LLMs to automate steps in the translation process, examine the limitations of different translation pipelines, and discuss the implications for terminology developers and clinical practice. Back View Map Chipsoft Employing Large Language Models to clarify SNOMED CT concepts to patients Read More Country / Region EMEA Tags Artificial intelligence, Collaboration, Innovation, Research, Translation In the Netherlands, SNOMED CT concepts are provided with patient-friendly terms and clarifications by the National Release Center and a medical translation agency through an extensive, mostly manual translation project. However, large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative for manual translation by enabling the automatic clarification of SNOMED CT terms. In this presentation we present these alternative translation approaches and share the results of a comparative analysis between manually and automatically generated clarifications. Additionally, we will explore methods to employ LLMs to automate steps in the translation process, examine the limitations of different translation pipelines, and discuss the implications for terminology developers and clinical practice. Description Medical jargon is difficult to grasp for persons with low health literacy, but it is important for patients and their health outcomes to understand their condition and treatment. In the Netherlands, SNOMED CT concepts are provided with patient-friendly terms and clarifications by the National Release Center at Nictiz (The Hague, Netherlands) and a medical translation agency through an extensive, mostly manual translation project. However, large language models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative for manual translation by enabling the automatic clarification of SNOMED CT terms. We carried out a comparative analysis of the clarifications that are currently released in the SNOMED CT Netherlands Edition with clarifications generated by a state-of-the-art large language model (LLM). We limited the scope to diagnoses because this was also the current focus of the translation project from the Netherlands National Release Center. Scope Data in electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly encoded with SNOMED CT: the comprehensive, international and multilingual healthcare terminology standard that represents health information from various healthcare domains. When clarifications are provided to SNOMED CT concepts, they can thus be used in a wide range of applications and settings. As a reference terminology SNOMED CT can also help to clarify data from other coding systems that are mapped to SNOMED CT. Additionally, tools are available to encode free-text EHR content with SNOMED CT concepts, which then can be used to provide the clarifications to lay end users. How SNOMED CT will be used We will describe the current translation method of Nictiz, that involves translation by a medical translation agency, and validation by terminologists, clinicians and patients. Additionally, we present the results from a study in which we used the large language model (LLM) Gemini 2.0 Flash (from Google, Mountain View, CA, USA), and a prompt based on the requirements from Nictiz about clarifications, to generate clarifications for diagnoses that are registered in hospitals in the Netherlands. A purposeful random sample of the clarifications was validated by two medical doctors. Next, an online survey was carried out with participants from the general population to evaluate the quality of the clarifications and to compare the quality of the clarifications from the sample and from SNOMED CT Netherlands Edition. Finally, we will discuss alternative methods to automate steps in the translation process, examine the limitations of different translation pipelines, and discuss the implications for terminology developers and clinical practice. Why SNOMED CT will be used Contact More information Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Learn more Explore the wide range of resources available to our community of practice Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

International Council of Nurses (ICN) and IHTSDO deliver second collaborative product Back 18 Apr 2016 Back The International Council of Nurses (ICN) and the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO) are pleased to announce the delivery of an equivalency table for nursing interventions between the ICN’s International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) and SNOMED CT. The table of equivalents provides a vehicle for transforming ICNP-encoded data to SNOMED CT (e.g., an ICNP concept in a local system can be converted via the table to the equivalent SNOMED CT concept for use in a multidisciplinary record). By providing a clear pathway from ICNP to SNOMED CT, the table of equivalents helps to ensure that users of ICNP can continue to use their preferred terminology while remaining a central part of the bigger picture and wider implementation of SNOMED CT globally. The product will be a useful resource to nurses and healthcare facilities using SNOMED CT for documentation in electronic health records and using ICNP to help identify clinically relevant content in documentation of nursing care. Robust systems and processes within ICN and IHTSDO assure the integrity of both terminologies. Access the full press release here . Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

A growing number of SNOMED CT disorder concept names include fragments of chromosome band nomenclature (CBN) of varying complexity. Using a mixture of text matching techniques this work has identified such concepts, performed a number of analyses on the concepts returned, and considered the implications of these findings for SNOMED CT and related products. The number of disorder concepts including CBN fragments has increased significantly since 2015. The majority of CBN fragments follow a basic 'chromosome number + arm + region + band + sub-band' format, predominantly naming partial chromosome deletions or duplications implicated in rare diseases. The following findings are presented and discussed: (1) Term forms and synonymy: for many deletions and duplications, the same abnormality is represented using multiple different term forms, with no agreed 'preferred' or 'canonical' term representation. This sort of variation can be problematic, both for content management (notably redundancy/duplicate detection) and for content use (notably display, readability and discovery). SNOMED International has an opportunity to negotiate and agree standard term forms for such concepts, and the more common CBN fragment pattern 'favourites' are discussed. (2) Curation and classification: coarse-grained chromosome structure (number and arm) is already used in concept definitions. Identifying detailed CBN fragments makes possible more precise analysis of each affected concept. Opportunities for such an approach are presented, along with implications for redundancy detection and classification (including gene locus classification and annotation of standard ideogram tools); (3) Term display and interaction: the implications of CBN nomenclature on concept use and readability are discussed. Back View Map NHS England An investigation into the use of chromosome band nomenclature in SNOMED CT disorder concepts Read More Country / Region EMEA Tags Clinical Practice, Data analytics, Genomics A growing number of SNOMED CT disorder concept names include fragments of chromosome band nomenclature (CBN) of varying complexity. Using a mixture of text matching techniques this work has identified such concepts, performed a number of analyses on the concepts returned, and considered the implications of these findings for SNOMED CT and related products. The number of disorder concepts including CBN fragments has increased significantly since 2015. The majority of CBN fragments follow a basic 'chromosome number + arm + region + band + sub-band' format, predominantly naming partial chromosome deletions or duplications implicated in rare diseases. The following findings are presented and discussed: (1) Term forms and synonymy: for many deletions and duplications, the same abnormality is represented using multiple different term forms, with no agreed 'preferred' or 'canonical' term representation. This sort of variation can be problematic, both for content management (notably redundancy/duplicate detection) and for content use (notably display, readability and discovery). SNOMED International has an opportunity to negotiate and agree standard term forms for such concepts, and the more common CBN fragment pattern 'favourites' are discussed. (2) Curation and classification: coarse-grained chromosome structure (number and arm) is already used in concept definitions. Identifying detailed CBN fragments makes possible more precise analysis of each affected concept. Opportunities for such an approach are presented, along with implications for redundancy detection and classification (including gene locus classification and annotation of standard ideogram tools); (3) Term display and interaction: the implications of CBN nomenclature on concept use and readability are discussed. Description The scope of this project is limited to SNOMED CT disorder concepts, specifically looking for those concepts whose terms include a detectable fragment of chromosome band nomenclature in at least one term (such as 778007004 | 12p12.1 microdeletion syndrome). The overwhelming majority of such content is already correctly classified beneath 362984008 | Anomaly of chromosome pair, however this work seeks to investigate the variety of term patterns used for such content, detect relevant content in the wider terminology and consider how such features can be exploited to improve the product. Much of the data analysis and subsequent manipulation has been performed on the April 2025 International Edition, however analysis was also performed on previous years (from 2003) to quantify changes in concept numbers over time. Illustrative numbers for concept growth are provided in Supplemental document Section 1. The project originally set out to address the nature and extent of synonymy between terms that contain CBN fragments. As well as considering the findings of this aspect, the poster goes on to discuss other findings afforded by a clearer understanding of the use of CBN fragments in disorder terms, notably opportunities for improved redundancy investigation, classification, interaction, display and presentation of relevant content. Scope Whilst many of the disorder concepts that include CBN fragments could be studied in their originating schemes (e.g. Orphanet or OMIM) it has been both possible and valuable to undertake this work in a SNOMED CT content. It has been 'possible' because there are many tools available to undertake this work which are optimised for SNOMED CT, and because the SNOMED CT data itself is easily available in a standard form. It is 'valuable' because it is important to see CBN fragment containing disorders in the context of all disorder types. Not all disorder naming conventions are alike and equally accessible to all users. CBN-fragment containing disorder names have unusual characteristics that may need special handing and presentation if they are to be made available to all SNOMED CT's users. How SNOMED CT will be used Methods and results. Active descriptions (synonyms and definitions) of SNOMED CT disorder concepts have been isolated and analysed using a mixture of regular expression and text matching techniques in an effort to detect those terms which include fragments of chromosome band nomenclature [1]. Sample regular expressions are provided in the Supplemental document Section 2. The terms (and concepts) returned have been further processed and analysed to investigate: * The nature and extent of synonymy between terms that contain CBN fragments. * Improved redundancy investigation/detection and classification * Interaction, display and presentation of relevant content. Taking these in turn: The nature and extent of synonymy between terms that contain CBN fragments. Two major types of pattern were investigated - CBN patterns and surrounding term patterns. Whilst a small number of more elaborate patterns were detected, using wider features of the ISCN standard (for example 838355002 | Acute myeloid leukaemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) | and 763796007|Megakaryoblastic acute myeloid leukaemia with t(1;22)(p13;q13) |) the overwhelming majority of terms use a smaller set of CBN patterns. The commonest of these include a chromosome number, an arm letter ('p' or 'q') and then varying degrees of specificity from region, band and sub-band numbers. Example CBN patterns (along with examples of use) are provided in the Supplemental document Section 3. Surrounding term patterns were, understandably, more numerous. The long list of surrounding term patterns is provided in the Supplemental document Section 4, the commonest listed below (showing [frequency of occurrence] and substituting # for any CBN fragment): * # deletion syndrome [22] * # microdeletion syndrome [76] * # microduplication syndrome [28] * # partial trisomy syndrome [25] * deletion of part of chromosome # [22] * distal duplication # [21] * distal monosomy # [28] * distal trisomy # [31] * duplication of chromosome # [22] * monosomy # [67] * partial trisomy of chromosome # [22] * ring chromosome # syndrome [23] * trisomy # [25] As can be seen, the majority of common term patterns refer to deletion/monosomy and duplication/trisomy chromosomal abnormalities. In total terms associated with 701 concepts were identified in the April 2025 data (representing 0.8% of all disorder concepts). Whilst the 170 surrounding term patterns include a long tail of terms that only appear once, analysis of the more frequent patterns reveal a smaller number (approximately 45) of clusters of concepts where the more common surrounding term patterns are used synonymously. A summary visual representation of the clustering is provided in Section 5 of the supplementary document, and a single example from this diagram is highlighted in subsequent figures to illustrate the approach taken. These show the multiple (15) ways that 'monosomy' of a 'chromosome + arm + region + band' CBN pattern may be represented in SNOMED CT - each edge on the diagram showing a single instance of synonymy, and each class showing how often each pattern is used. Concentrating on the commonest six clusters, we can see that whilst some term patterns are used more frequently, none are identified as standard or canonical representations, that is, no single term pattern is reliably associated with a particular concept pattern. For example, on 16 occasions, disorders of the form 'monosomy' of a 'chromosome + arm + region + band' (cluster 16) are assigned '# microdeletion syndrome' as a preferred term (with this pattern used as a synonym on two occasions), however this leaves eight concepts in this group that would not be matched by this term pattern, with implications for reliable search and display. The full details of these six clusters are available in the Supplemental document Section 6. It is hoped that identification of standard terms for concepts of this type will add a loss-less standardisation to these concepts in a SNOMED CT context, be acceptable to terminology users, improve search, display and manipulation characteristics, and add value to this complex area of disorder representation. Improved redundancy investigation/detection and classification. Using the synonymy identified in the earlier section it is possible to expose covert duplication in the SNOMED CT data. For example, since in the concept 766050000 Distal monosomy 15q syndrome is currently synonymous with Monosomy 15q26, we might reasonably ask what the relationship is between the two distinct concepts 763527007 Distal monosomy 13q syndrome and 766716004 |Monosomy 13q34 syndrome. Currently such 'duplicates' are likely to be false positives (since much of the implicated content is derived from carefully curated source products), but if content is added from multiple sources it is important that there are systematic mechanisms for detection. It is also possible to identify disorders named for chromosome abnormalities (e.g. 205649008 |Trisomy 8 (disorder)) that are not currently classified as kinds of 362984008 Anomaly of chromosome pair. Furthermore, early analysis of many of the CBN fragments in text definitions present them as the loci of discrete genes and gene abnormalities rather than as karyotypic abnormalities. This presents an opportunity to inform how SNOMED CT will incorporate and classify genes and gene abnormalities, in particular whether gene abnormalities are usefully treated as kinds of chromosome abnormality. Interaction, display and presentation of relevant content For purposes of display, there is value in considering/specifying that SNOMED CT terms should be sorted using a 'natural sort' approach. Failing to do this makes lists of terms containing any number sequences (including CBN fragments) hard to read, yet the alternative sorting approach ('ASCII-betical') is still commonly used. Example screenshots are provided in the Supplemental document Section 7 to illustrate this phenomenon. Identifying CBN fragments also allows an interaction between relevant SNOMED CT concepts and chromosome visualisation tools. It is, for example, relatively straightforward to associate band and sub-band-specific CBN fragments with karyotype visualisation tools such as ideogram.js [2]. This, in turn, allows interaction with the terminology using a familiar 'chromosomal layout'. Attempting to 'read' the more complex CBN fragments is known to be cognitively testing [3], and in these situations more visual interaction techniques may well be preferable, and might be considered optional browser features where appropriate. An example screenshot is provided in Supplemental document Section 8. [1] The chromosome band nomenclature is one part of a much more complex cytogenomic reporting standard: ISCN 2024 ‚An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2024) [Cytogenet Genome Res 2024;164:1‚224 DOI: 10.1159/000538512] [2] https://github.com/eweitz/ideogram [3] de Chambrier AF, Pedrotti M, Ruggeri P, Dewi J, Atzemian M, Thevenot C, Martinet C, Terrier P. Reading numbers is harder than reading words: An eye-tracking study. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Jul;237:103942. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103942. Epub 2023 May 19. PMID: 37210866. Why SNOMED CT will be used Contact More information Learn more Get SNOMED CT Information about our license and fee structure Learn more Learn more Explore the wide range of resources available to our community of practice Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe

Burai L.L.C. Back Burai L.L.C. Vendor Overview Our business is launched in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan which is one of the cosmopolitan cities in Asia and formed as an LLC in the USA. We mainly focus on developing applications and integrating of third party APIs for healthcare providers to comply with the international healthcare standards Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe SNOMED CT-enabled solutions Terminology service module enabling SNOMED CT enabled Telemedicine Scope of services EHR, EMR Downloadable documents Office Tokyo Minato city Tokyo 1070023 Japan https://burai.live Contact details Tomomi Yamano Bustiness Development 81070-8930-0291 admin@burai.live Regions where operational Asia, Europe, Global, North America, Oceania

SNOMED International joins Bahmni Coalition to extend the global benefits of SNOMED CT’s structured clinical terminology Back 21 Jun 2024 Back Building on the success of the 2023 SNOMED International and Bahmni Coalition collaboration , SNOMED International has formally joined the Bahmni Coalition. Bahmni, a digital public good, is an easy-to-use, open-source hospital system for healthcare providers in low-resource settings. Bahmni was created in 2012 as part of the social impact program at Thoughtworks , a global technology consultancy that integrates strategy, design and engineering to drive digital innovation. The Bahmni Coalition is a group of organizations involved in the product across various capacities, including partners that use Bahmni’s open-source electronic medical record (EMR) and hospital information system (HIS) and partners who contribute to Bahmni’s ongoing development and implementation, and offer related services. The Coalition members, who set the direction for Bahmni and promote its adoption, include Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders), an international organization that provides medical assistance to people affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or exclusion from healthcare; OpenMRS , developers of the open source Electronic Medical Records platform used in more than 80 countries; and Thoughtworks, among a number of other partner organizations focused on harnessing open-source technology to support the development and deployment of digital health technologies in limited-resource regions. Review the full list of Coalition members here . With over 500 implementations in more than 50 countries, the easy-to-use EMR and hospital management system brings together essential functionalities such as patient registration, appointments, recording diagnosis and procedures, billing, lab, pharmacy, and more, into one cohesive platform. It is the preferred solution in many Asian and African countries and a strategic asset for many large humanitarian organizations. SNOMED International worked with the Coalition throughout 2023 to integrate SNOMED CT, the world’s most comprehensive clinical terminology into the Bahmni EMR, enabling clinicians to record diagnoses and other clinical data. The SNOMED CT-enabled EMR can also be used for reporting and Clinical Decision Support (CDS) use-cases, for searching and saving diagnoses, receiving alerts when a drug-diagnosis interaction is contraindicated, generating diagnosis reports, and creating forms. With the integration of SNOMED CT, patient records can be standardized and therefore more easily exchanged with other electronic health records. “Working with the Coalition on a more formal basis is a very exciting next step for SNOMED International,” says CEO Don Sweete. “Enabling the integration of SNOMED CT into the Bahmni EMR helps fill in the existing gaps in using healthcare data standards to structure electronic health record data, much of which is captured in clinician notes, and enables the data to be used for other purposes such as analytics as well. We are pleased to provide the Coalition with this capability, as well as to share our knowledge and experience in working with low- to middle-income countries on a broader basis.” “Our partnership with SNOMED International marks a significant step forward in empowering healthcare workers in low-resource settings with the tools they need to deliver standardized, accurate care. The integration of SNOMED CT with Bahmni improves data management while also establishing the foundation for better patient outcomes and a more equitable healthcare landscape globally,” said Satish Viswanathan , head of social change for Thoughtworks in India and member of the governing committee of the Bahmni Coalition. As part of the Coalition, SNOMED International will work with other members to advance the organization’s mission and goals, build support for the Bahmni EMR, participate in and drive marketing activities, and participate in the Coalition’s various committees. Over 2024, the Coalition will continue to seek feedback on its 2024 roadmap for the Bahmni EMR and define and develop new features. For more information on the integration of the SNOMED CT module with the Bahmni EMR, visit https://www.bahmni.org/snomed-ct-support . Listen to a podcast on the SNOMED International-Bahmni collaboration. Contact info@snomed.org or coalition-director@bahmni.org to demo the Bahmni EMR and integrated SNOMED CT module. About Thoughtworks Thoughtworks is a global technology consultancy that integrates strategy, design and engineering to drive digital innovation. We are over 10,500 people strong across 48 offices in 19 countries. For 30 years, we’ve delivered extraordinary impact together with our clients by helping them solve complex business problems with technology as the differentiator. Subscribe to SNOMED International news Stay up to date on SNOMED news, features, developments and newsletters by subscribing to our news service. Subscribe